Endnotes

1. American Cancer Society. (1995). Cancer Facts & Figures 1995. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; Freeman, H.P. and Muth, B.J. and Kerner, J.F. (1995). Expanding Access to Cancer Screening and Clinical Follow-up Among the Medically Underserved. In Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 9-20; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Surveillance, Epidemiology, & End Results Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1991. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Health; Underwood, S.M. (1994). issues and Challenges in Cancer Nursing Research: Increasing the Participation and Involvement of African Americans in Cancer Programs and Trials. In Nursing Research and Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 18-26.

2. Freeman, H.P. and Muth, B.J. and Kerner, J.F. (1995). Expanding Access to Cancer Screening and Clinical Follow-up Among the Medically Underserved. In Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 9-20.

3. Black, B. (1995). The Community Cancer Detection, Education, and Prevention Demonstration Projects for Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Populations: Lessons Learned. Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 1-8; Doak, C. and Doak, L. and Root, J. (1985). Teaching Patients with Low Literacy Skills. Philadelphia, PA: Lippencott Co.; Jackson, C. and Winkley, M.A. and Flora, V.A. and Fortmann, S.P. (1991) Use of Educational Resources for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Stanford Five-City Project. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7(2) 82-88.

4. Fishman, B.M. and Boho, L. and Kosub, K. and Womoodu, J. (1993). Cultural Issues in Serving Minority Populations: Emphasis on Mexican Americans and African Americans. The American Journal of Medical Sciences, 306(3) 160-166.

5. Hecht, M.L. and Collier, M.J. and Ribeau, S. (1993). African American Communication: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Interpretation. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, Inc.; Kawaga-Singer M. (1994). Today's Reality: Research Issues in Underserved Populations. Nursing Research and Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 1-17.

6. Lum, C.K. and Korenman S.G. (1994). Cultural Sensitivity Training in U.S. Medical Schools. Academic Medicine, 69(3) 239-241.

7. Kawaga-Singer M. (1994). Today's Reality: Research Issues in Underserved Populations. Nursing Research and Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 1-17.

8. MacDonald, J.L. and Thompson, P.R. and Souya, H. (1988). Multicultural Health Education: An Emerging Reality in Canada. Hygie, 7(2) 12-16; Pachnos, M.L. (1992). The Continuing Challenge of Multicultural Health Education. Journal of School Health, 62(1) 24-26; Rankin, S.B. and Kappy, M.S. (1993). Developing Therapeutic Relationships in Multicultural Settings. Academic Medicine, 68(11), 826-827; Renneker, M. and Lim, N. and Wheatley, B. and Collins, S. and Pickle, R. and Beers, L. and Rambo, M. and Shleper, J. and Jones, T. and Butler, B. and Saner, H. and Hall, J. An Inner-City Cancer Prevention Clinic in West Oakland California. Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society.

9. Boykin. (1983).

10. American Cancer Society. (1995). Cancer Facts & Figures 1995. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. Freeman, H.P. and Muth, B.J. and Kerner, J.F. (1995). Expanding Access to Cancer Screening and Clinical Follow-up Among the Medically Underserved. In Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 9-20; Fishman, B.M. and Boho, L. and Kosub, K. and Womoodu, J. (1993). Cultural Issues in Serving Minority Populations: Emphasis on Mexican Americans and African Americans. The American Journal of Medical Sciences, 306(3) 160-166; MacDonald, J.L. and Thompson, P.R. and Souya, H. (1988). Multicultural Health Education: An Emerging Reality in Canada. Hygie, 7(2) 12-16; Underwood, S.M. (1994). Issues and Challenges in Cancer Nursing Research: Increasing the Participation and Involvement of African Americans in Cancer Programs and Trials. In Nursing Research and Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 18-26.

11. Plimpton, S. and Root, J. (1994). Materials and Strategies That Work in Low Literacy Health Communication. Public Health Report, 109(1) 86-92; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Surveillance, Epidemiology, & End Results Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1991. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Health;

12. McCord, C. and Freeman, H.P. (1990) Excess Mortality in Harlem. The New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 173-177.

13. Freeman, H.P. and Muth, B.J. and Kerner, J.F. (1995). Expanding Access to Cancer Screening and Clinical Follow-up Among the Medically Underserved. In Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 9-20. Underwood, S.M. (1994). Issues and Challenges in Cancer Nursing Research: Increasing the Participation and Involvement of African Americans in Cancer Programs and Trials. In Nursing Research and Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 18-26.

14. American Cancer Society. (1995). Cancer Facts & Figures 1995. Atlanta: American Cancer Society.

15. American Cancer Society. (1995). Cancer Facts & Figures 1995. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Surveillance, Epidemiology, & End Results Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1991. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Health;

16. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Surveillance, Epidemiology, & End Results Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1991. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Health;

17. Freeman, H.P. and Muth, B.J. and Kerner, J.F. (1995). Expanding Access to Cancer Screening and CLinical Follow-up Among the Medically Underserved. In Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 9-20.

18. Hecht, M.L. and Collier, M.J. and Ribeau, S. (1993). African American Communication: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Interpretation. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, Inc.

19. American Cancer Society. (1995). Cancer Facts & Figures 1995. Atlanta: American Cancer Society.

20. Black, B. (1995) The Community Cancer Detection, Education, and Prevention Demonstration Projects for Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Populations: Lessons Learned. Cancer Screening in Underserved Populations. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. 1-8; Doak, C. and Doak, L. and Root, J. (1985). Teaching Patients with Low Literacy Skills. Philadelphia, PA: Lippencott Co.

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